Nearly all wild lions live in sub-Saharan Africa, but one small population of Asian lions exists in India's Gir Forest. Asian lions and African lions are subspecies of the same species.
Asian lions once prowled from the Middle East to India. Now, only 200 to 260 of these magnificent animals survive in the wild. The Gir Forest's dry teak woods were once a royal hunting ground. Today they are a reserve where the endangered Asian lions are heavily protected. An additional 200 Asian lions live in zoos.
Lions are the only cats that live in groups, called prides. Prides are family units that may include up to three males, a dozen or so females, and their young. All of a pride's lionesses are related and female cubs typically stay with the group as they age. Young males eventually leave and may establish their own prides by taking over a group headed by another male.
Only male lions boast manes, the impressive fringe of long hair that encircles their heads. Males defend the pride's territory. They mark the area with urine, roar menacingly to warn intruders, and chase off animals that encroach on their turf.
Female lions are the pride's primary hunters. They often work together to prey upon large mammals.
After the hunt, the group effort often degenerates to squabbling over the sharing of the kill, with cubs at the bottom of the pecking order. Young lions do not help the pride hunt until they are about a year old. Lions will hunt alone if the opportunity presents itself, and they also steal kills from hyenas or wild dogs.
Lions are the only cats that live in groups, which are called prides. Prides are family units that may include up to three males, a dozen or so females, and their young. All of a pride's lionesses are related, and female cubs typically stay with the group as they age. Young males eventually leave and establish their own prides by taking over a group headed by another male.
Only male lions boast manes, the impressive fringe of long hair that encircles their heads. Males defend the pride's territory, which may include some 100 square miles (259 square kilometers) of grasslands, scrub, or open woodlands. These intimidating animals mark the area with urine, roar menacingly to warn intruders, and chase off animals that encroach on their turf.
Female lions are the pride's primary hunters. They often work together to prey upon antelopes, zebras, wildebeest, and other large animals of the open grasslands. Many of these animals are faster than lions, so teamwork pays off.
After the hunt, the group effort often degenerates to squabbling over the sharing of the kill, with cubs at the bottom of the pecking order. Young lions do not help to hunt until they are about a year old. Lions will hunt alone if the opportunity presents itself, and they also steal kills from hyenas or wild dogs.
Lions have been celebrated throughout history for their courage and strength. They once roamed most of Africa and parts of Asia and Europe. Today they are found only in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, except for one very small population of Asian lions that survives in India's Gir Forest.
Type: Mammal
Diet: Carnivore
Size: Head and body, 4.5 to 6.5 ft (1.4 to 2 m); Tail, 26.25 to 39.5 in (67 to 100 cm)
The Lion was named the king of the beast by the magnifiscent Mayne around his neck. Resembling a crown of sorts. But the true king in Africa is without a doubt the bull elephants. Even Lions run from these animals.
The second largest cat in the world, after tigers, the lion can grow up to 500 pounds. Lions are found in savannas, grasslands and woodlands in eastern and southern Africa. In the wild, they can live up to 14 years. The male lion is unique among the cat species for its thick mane of hair encircling the neck and head. Lions range in color from yellow to dark brown, with a long tail that ends in a furry black tuft. Both male and female lions roar, a sound which can be heard as far as 5 miles away.
Unique among large cats, lions form close-knit social groups called prides, which average 15 individuals: 5 to 10 females, their young, and 2 to 3 territorial males. When lounging, lions engage in affectionate head rubbing, licking and purring. A lioness will birth 2 or 3 cubs which will become capable hunters by the age of 2 and fully mature by the age of six. Males patrol their territory and protect the pride from intruders.
Because females are lighter and smaller, they do most of the hunting. They cooperate to hunt large prey, such as zebra, wildebeest, impala and kudu, by encircling a herd from different angles. Lions can run in short bursts up to 40 miles per hour to catch their prey, usually killing it with a quick bite to the neck.
The lion population is rapidly decreasing, estimated at between 16,000 and 25,000, down from an estimated 100,000 in the 1990s. The majority of the population lives in protected national parks. The greatest threats to the lion include habitat loss, limited availability of wild prey, and contact with humans. Most lions drink water daily if it is available, but can go without it for 5 days.
Watchful Lioness Because of its strength and predatory prowess, the lion has long held a mythological stature as King of Beasts. The trophy hunting that this reputation so long inspired is now regulated, but the lion's long-term survival is still threatened by illegal hunting. Worse, the prey on which lions depend needs large areas of land, and spreading agriculture and human population is crowding that land.
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Lioness and Cubs The Queen Mother serenely gazes over the grasslands as her two young cubs bask in the warmth of the sun. Someday the cubs will inherit the domain of their father, the King. Africa's animals are beautiful and fascinating to paint, from the royalty of the Lions to the mischievousness of the Monkeys.
Mother Lion with cubs (Kenya) This mother lion (Panthera leo) stands guard over her cubs and others from her pride. Lion prides usually consist of up to 20 individuals, including a dominant male and several females. Female lions generally have cubs every 2 years, in litters of up to four babies. At birth, lion cubs weigh less than a pound (2kg). Their eyes are closed for the first two weeks, and cubs first begin to eat meat around week six. Female lions do most of the hunting for the pride and care for the cubs, not unlike many human households.
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Read this compelling excerpt, or print the whole story.
We bounced along a rutted track bordering the Kanderi Swamp and the Voi River, hornbills flying past with plaintive cries. We found a place where the undergrowth thinned, affording us a good view. Peyton played the hyena tape, and as the hideous wails echoed across the landscape, we scanned with binoculars.
"Oh my God!" Peyton said suddenly. In the same instant came the shrill trumpets of elephants angered by the hyena cries. Turning to look, I saw nine of them, charging out of the scrub to our right: three calves and two adolescents behind a phalanx of four females, coming on at a stiff-legged run, gray hides reddened by Tsavo's lateritic dust, ears flapping like unsheeted sails in a gale, trunks raised, tusks glinting in the early light.
They were a hundred yards away at most, a distance they halved in about two seconds, which was when the matriarch ceased trumpeting and lowered her head—a signal that the threat displays were over. This was the real thing. She came straight for us with a terrible singleness of purpose. Her tusks could easily pierce the Land Rover's thin aluminum skin, and with a little help from her friends she could overturn the vehicle and leave it looking like a flattened beer can, with us inside looking like—well, I didn't care to think about that. With admirable sangfroid, Peyton switched off the tape recorder, started the engine, and took off as fast as the road would allow, meaning not very fast. We hadn't gone far by the time the matriarch, followed by the rest, thundered through the spot where we'd been parked. Eight of the elephants carried on, but the old girl, with astonishing agility, turned abruptly and chased us down the road, like a traffic cop pursuing a speeder.
Peyton stepped on the gas. Finally, satisfied that we'd been seen off, the matriarch halted and, with a parting trumpet and final toss of her great head, turned back to rejoin the others. We watched the herd shamble off, now as calm as they'd been enraged—a magisterial procession against an eastern sky going from bright orange to peach to primrose.
Please help save the Lions and other big cats who are being used for canned hunting, please sign my petition and stop this for good, thank you everyone who have already signed, bless you all. %#&!*%
There are two separate subspecies of lions: the African and Asian lion. The African lion's former range included all of Africa, even within the Sahara desert. Now, they live in the savannas and forests south of the Sahara desert. The Asian lion (Panthera leo persica) lives in the Gir Forest of India. There are about 200 Asian lions remaining there, all that is left of what was a thriving lion population that was once widespread all over southwest Asia. They were hunted to extinction elsewhere, and the Gir forest, what used to be a sultan's game park, is the only place they have found refuge.
The lion's former range included not only all of Africa but extended farther east and northward. They occured as far north as Greece, and eastward through the Middle East to India. They became extinct in eastern Europe around AD 100, but their population remained steady throughout the rest of their range until the mid 19th century, when the invention and widespread use of firearms led to their extirpation throughout much of their range. They became extinct in the Middle Eastern countries in the early to mid 20th century, with the last reported lion killed in Iran in 1942. Lions were heavily persecuted in India especially.
There are no exact numbers for the number of lions occuring in Africa. Rough estimates range from 30,000 to 100,000 individuals. Eastern and southern Africa have the largest lion populations, with the numbers dwindling in the western part of the continent. Despite their widespread range throughout sub-saharan Africa, their population is very fragmented, and they are becoming relatively rare outside of protected areas. The only non-African population exists in the protected Gir forest of India, where an estimated 200 individuals survive.
Physical Appearance
Body Size: Height, and Weight Lions are the largest African carnivore, and the second largest of the "Great cats" (lions, leopards, tigers, and jaguars). Great cats are distinguished from other cats by their ability to roar. Lions are also the second largest cats in the world; the tiger is the largest cat.
The African lion can range from 35-98 in. (90-250 cm) in length, plus an additional 39 in. (100 cm) for the tail. The length ranges from the smallest for females to the largest for males. They are 48 in. (122 cm) high at the shoulder. Lions weigh, on average, 570 lb. (260 kg) for the males, and 277 lb. (126 kg) for the females. Lions rarely exceed 500 pounds; the largest recorded was 690 lb. (312 kg). There is a marked sexual dimorphism in this species. Besides the obvious difference of male lions having manes of fur around their heads, female lions, called lionesses, are generally about 40% smaller. African lions in the Serengeti plains tend to be much smaller than those in the Transvaal.
Asian lions are slightly smaller than African lions, weighing about 300 lb. (130 kg), and are 44 in. (113 cm) long plus 39 in. (100 cm) for the length of the tail. Unlike their African cousins, Asian lions posses a flap of skin that runs the length of their belly. Also, Asiatic lion's manes are thinner, so their ears are usually visible. Lions have four mammary glands.
Lions have a very muscular build. Their body is long and stocky, set on thick, muscular legs. They are built for taking down prey that can be many times their own size. Their powerful jaws are capable of tearing through the tough hide of prey items such as wildebest, and are strong enough to hold onto the prey animal while it bucks and tries to dislodge the lions. The forelimbs are capable of inflicting severe damage as well. One swipe from a lion's paw is powerful enough to rupture internal organs and even break bones.
Fur Coloration and Length
Lions have very short, dense fur covering their body that is generally a light tawny brown in color. The tip of the tail and the mane on males typically have longer fur, that can be black, brown, red, golden, or tawny in color. Lion cubs are born covered in dark brown spots and rosettes that disappear as they mature. Some lions retain faint spots, especially those found in East Africa.
Though lions are usually thought of as tawny creatures, there is a rare color form of white lions. These lions are not albinos (completely lacking pigmentation), but are leucistic (opposite of melanistic, having a generally light or white pigment). White pigmentation is caused by a recessive gene, the same one that causes white Bengal tigers. The most well-recorded white lions are the famous white lions of Timbavati, where two white lions were born to a tawny lion and lioness in the Timbavati Nature Reserve. They were observed in 1975 by Chris McBride. Such lions would have trouble hunting, as they would not blend in to the surrounding grasses as would their tawny siblings. White lions are easily spotted by predators and prey alike, and white lion cubs are easy targ
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