22,416,995 members doing good!
get together & make a difference
Group Discussions
label:  
  info/news/petitions
| track thread
« Back to topics
1 week ago

Compassion and ARAN supporters make their voices heard in Dublin

Just last week, Australia suspended the export of live animals to Egypt, following revelations of horrific animal abuse in Egyptian abattoirs. Sadly, such inhumane slaughter is likely to be widespread throughout North Africa – and exported Irish animals may well face a similar fate to the Australian cattle. Yet, so far, the Irish Government has utterly ignored our attempts to raise this issue.

We firmly believe that live exports to Libya contravene the EU Treaty which requires Member States to &ldquoay full regard to the welfare requirements of animals” in their transport policies.

It has been reported that industry bodies are proudly predicting an increase in Irish cattle exports over the summer. If you haven’t already, please call on Irish Agriculture Minister, Simon Coveney, to listen to the evidence and end this trade today.

3 months ago

All signed - now I just feel I do not want to look another meat eater in the eye.

3 months ago

Up to date.

 Monika

3 months ago

Noted and signed current Monika :-0 Thank-You Everyone Involved with This Thread :-0 20/2

3 months ago
Australia: Stop Ignoring the Appalling Treatment of Animals Exported for Slaughter
'

Animals exported by Australia are regularly tortured before being inhumanely slaughtered. This practice has been going on for decades and it’s time to urge the Australian government to protect these animals and end the brutal killings.

3 months ago

Help End Live Export ! PLEASE TAKE ACTION ! !
Animals  (tags: animals, AnimalWelfare, cruelty, environment, protection, suffering )
Cher- 2 hours ago - animalsaustralia.org

Ending live export is a team effort -- we can't win this campaign without you! Animals Australia supporters like you have collectively completed over 309,466 actions!
3 months ago

Speak Out Against Cruel Live Export ! Save Irish Cows From Voyage of Despair ! PLEASE SIGN ! !
Animals  (tags: animals, AnimalWelfare, environment, cruelty, protection, suffering )
Cher- 2 hours ago - action.peta.org.uk

Approximately 2,900 cows in Ireland are in grave danger. They're threatened with one of the most horrific experiences imaginable: live export. Like other animals in the meat industry, they will be killed - but first they must endure a hellish journey
3 months ago

These petitions need more signatures:

ACT NOW TO STOP THE LIVE EXPORT OF ANIMALS FROM THE EU- DESTINATION: UNKNOWN

LIVE EXPORTS: A DARK DAY FOR IRELAND

URGENT: THE END OF UK LIVE EXPORTS?


HELP END LONG DISTANCE LIVE TRANSPORT

Share if you care!
                                              Thank you, Desanka



3 months ago

UK (England): The Live Animal Export Battle Continues. PLEASE SIGN!
Animals  (tags: AnimalWelfare, animaladvocates, animalcruelty, animalrights, cruelty, death, ethics, investigation, law, protection, suffering )
Desanka- 7 hours ago - serbiananimalsvoice.com

Not all animals are transporting in the EU in conventional livestock trailers, which providing air to the animals. Some trailers are completely sealed, with live animals in it. TAKE ACTION: INCREASE INSPECTIONS, ZERO TOLERANCE TO ANY SUFFERING OF ANIMALS!
3 months ago

Signed

3 months ago

Live Exports Resumed: A Dark Day for Ireland ! PLEASE TAKE ACTION ! !
Animals  (tags: animals, AnimalWelfare, cruelty, environment, protection, suffering )
Cher- 1 hour ago - all-creatures.org

Long journeys by lorry and boat are extremely stressful for animals and can include: deprivation of food and water, lack of rest, poor handling by humans, overcrowding, insufficient headroom and stress caused by noise and vibration.
3 months ago

signed

3 months ago

Same sentiment as two months ago. I am really sick of most humans and their behaviour towards animals.

3 months ago

http://livexports.com/petition/results.php 

petition to stop Live Animal Export! Confirm please!

3 months ago

Please Help & Sign: Live Exports: A Dark Day for Ireland !
Animals  (tags: trade, meat, slaughter, farm, animals, ireland, government, cattle, animalrights, cruelty, death, killing, humans, animalcruelty, suffering, slaughter )
Jutta- 5 hours ago - action.ciwf.org.uk

We need your help. Join us to call on the Irish Government to make a simple choice: Stop the resumption of this trade or Step aside from its role as President of the EU Agriculture Council when animal welfare is being discussed.
3 months ago

ACTION ALERT: Please Help Stop The Horrendous Cruel Live Animal Exports! PLEASE SIGN !
Animals  (tags: live animal exports, horrendous cruelty, animals abused, tortured, australian government legalisation anima )
Simone- 2 hours ago - livexports.com

Live Export disaster yet again. And once again in Kuwait where Australian sheep are not even meant to be. Tags ripped from sheep ears to avoid the so called 'tracking system' that Senator Ludwig claims is 'working'.
3 months ago

ACTION ALERT: Sheep Suffer as Live Export Breaches Continue in Kuwait! PLEASE SIGN !
Animals  (tags: sheep, suffering sadistic cruelty, australian government animal cruelty )
Simone- 2 hours ago - animalsaustralia.org

An Animals Australia investigation has again found Australian sheep being illegally sold in a cruel livestock market in Kuwait, despite Animals Australia first notifying Australian authorities of breaches at this market some five months ago.
5 months ago

Signed - same sentiment applies to Australian farmers.

5 months ago

Stop Live Animal Export From Australia! Please Sign!
Animals  (tags: australia, live export, AnimalWelfare, animals, cruelty, killing, suffering, protection, death, sadness, animalcruelty )
Krystal- 47 minutes ago - avaaz.org

Australia has developed a long standing industry of exporting thousands of cows, sheep and goats onto tightly packed ships and transporting them for sometimes up to a month to as far away as the Middle East. They suffer and can be injured

5 months ago

Noted and signed current Monika : Thank-You to EveryOne :0 13/12/p>

This post was modified from its original form on 14 Dec, 5:40

5 months ago

To be contributing to the suffering of animals by forcing them to endure long journeys to be slaughtered abroad is one of the most disgusting results of the greed of British farmers. In fact of farmers in any country that participates in this obsenity.Of course without the repulsive desire of some humans to stick their snouts in troughs of gore it wouldn't be happening at all. It is the 21st Century and still humans are contributing to animal abuse in every single country in the world.

5 months ago

Disappointing news on UK live transport

At the end of last month we received the disappointing news that Thanet District Council has dropped its legal battle to prevent live exports through Ramsgate port. It was hoped that the judicial review of Thanet’s decision to suspend exports would strike a blow against the outdated and inhumane transport of live animals from Britain for fattening and slaughter. So, this is a sad outcome; for Councillors, for all those who have campaigned for so long against this trade, and most importantly for the animals.

The local fight is not over. We will continue to work with our friends at the RSPCA, KAALE and TALE to oppose live exports through Ramsgate. But, now more than ever, we must step up the battle at a national level. If you are a UK citizen, and haven’t already done so, please click here to sign the government e-petition against this cruel trade.





Info
5 months ago

Thanks for the forward Vinita

'

HORRIFIC ABUSE...

'

Israeli abattoir abuse questions Australia's live export system

http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2012/s3652525.htm

'


'Sadistic' footage may involve Australian cattle

http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-12-11/abused-cattle-may-be-australian/4422302

6 months ago

Signed

6 months ago

done, monika. thank you!

6 months ago

signed

6 months ago

reform the live export laws in the uk

'

reform the live export laws in...
animal exports belong in the dark ages not in the 21st century this is a cruel barbaric trade that...
start date: Dec. 2


6 months ago

Indeed Naomi ! Thanks for signing

6 months ago

isn't eating them bad enough? signed.

6 months ago

Ask Your MP to End Shameful Live Export ! PLEASE SIGN ! !
Animals  (tags: animals, AnimalWelfare, cruelty, environment, protection, suffering )
Cher- 5 hours ago - action.petaasiapacific.com

Every year, Australia exports millions of live animals to Middle Eastern countries where there are virtually no laws in place to protect them. Over the past 30 years, Australia has crammed more than 200 million animals onto filthy, multilevel cargo ships
6 months ago

Signed

Thanks Monika

This must be stopped.

6 months ago

signed

6 months ago

Signed - as if anyone who eats them cares how they live and die. Sorry people feeling very zero tolerance today. I know it is important to start somewhere and I didn't make that comment on the petition.

6 months ago

so devastating , those poor babies. signed.

6 months ago

Live Transport of Farm Animals
We believe that the international trade in animals for food should be on the hook and not on the...
start date: Nov. 23


6 months ago

Up to date

6 months ago

All done

Thanks monika

6 months ago

signed. thank you.

6 months ago

Noted, signed and sent messages Current Monika :0 Special Thnx to All who have Contributed to this Thread :0

Info
6 months ago

Live Exports From the EU to Third Countries | Animals' Angels Lebanon Investigation, 2012 - YouTube   video
Animals  (tags: animal cruelty, slaughter, live exports, EU, Lebanon, farm animals, sheep, bulls, Animals's Angels investigation )
Sylvie- 4 hours ago - youtube.com

Footage from an Animals' Angels investigation in Beirut, Lebanon, in October 2012 offers a painful look at the cruelty to animals exported from the EU to third countries just to be brutally slaughtered there without stunning, dying in pain. BanLiveExports
6 months ago

signed! thank you, monika.

6 months ago

ACTION ALERT: End Live Animal Exports! PLEASE SIGN !
Animals  (tags: australian government, investigation, live animal exports, sheep tortured, abused, horrendous cruelty )
Simone- 3 hours ago - getup.org.au

Last night's Four Corners program exposed imagery of terrified Australian sheep being treated in the most grotesque and inhumane ways possible. Sheep that were stranded at sea for weeks in extreme heat and cramped conditions only to be unloaded in

7 months ago

All action taken

7 months ago

Signed the ones I could.Thanks Monika.Thanks butterfly

7 months ago

all done, dear. thank you.

7 months ago

Stand Up to Live Export Cruelty ! PLEASE SIGN ! !
Animals  (tags: animals, AnimalWelfare, environment, cruelty, protection, suffering )
Cher- 3 hours ago - animalsaustralia.org

When they pulled this Australian sheep out of a bloody trench in Pakistan, he was still breathing. His fleece matted with blood and dirt -- a reminder of the brutal mass slaughter he had lived through the night before. He was a victim of the largest live
7 months ago
BAN LIVE EXPORTS
LIVE EXPORTS MUST END. Australians have just seen the horrific deaths of 22,000 sheep sent as live...
start date: Nov. 6

7 months ago

Yes it IS a VERY cruel business Naomi...and it all about money. Those poor poor animals

7 months ago

isn't it horrible enough that these beautiful animals are going to slaughter??????? signed.

7 months ago

Save Australian Cows From Having Their Ears Cut Off!****SIGN PETA'S PETITION
Animals  (tags: cows, cattle, liveexport, earcropping, slaughter, sadness, suffering, cruelty, abuse, animaladvocates, animalrights, animalcruelty, animals, animalwelfare, protection )
Florence- 4 hours ago - secure.peta.org

A misguided committee in Egypt is recommending that all Australian cattle exported to Egypt have their ears painfully cut off prior to slaughter. These cows go threw enough with the transport from australia to egypt no more cruelty! Please SIGN and share
7 months ago

such deranged behavior. signed!

7 months ago

All action taken

7 months ago

STOP LIVE EXPORT-MASS KILLING OF SHEEP******SIGN PETITION
Animals  (tags: sheep, australia, wildanimals, wildlife, sadness, suffering, cruelty, abuse, animaladvocates, animalwelfare, animalcruelty, animalrights, animals, slaughter, killing, death, protection )
Florence- 7 hours ago - getup.org.au

sheep were stranded at sea for weeks in extreme heat & cramped conditions then unloaded in Pakistan where they were chased down & butchered with blunt knives & bulldozed into writhing piles burried in mass graves some still alive STOP LIVE EXPORT SIGN PET
7 months ago
Petition published on Oct 27, 2012
We the undersigned call for a permanent ban on the practice of exporting live animals from Australia.

It is well past time that the Federal Government of Australia banned... more
7 months ago

signed, monika. thank you, dear.

7 months ago

all done, dear. thank you.

7 months ago
No more life animal exports from Australia!
No more life animal exports...
The headlines today again - sheep have to be culled because they travel under terrible conditions and...
start date: Oct. 20



7 months ago

Help end long distance live transport


Lambs to ritual slaughter Help us stop the cull Sheep Image   
This Friday, owing to a high court ruling which forces the port of Ramsgate to accept a shipment of live animals, 75,000 lambs will be forced to endure hellish conditions on long journeys to the continent.

Sadly, their torment will not end there. Many will have their throats slit in ritual slaughter for the festival of Eid. This is a lucrative trade for a mere handful of transporters.

Thanet District Council closed Ramsgate port after a horrific incident in which 47 sheep were killed, three by drowning.

We must unite against those who look at animals and see ‘£’ signs, not the living breathing animals capable of fear, emotion and great suffering, just like us.

Take action! Contact Defra and demand they take urgent action to amend outdated legislation!
   
Click here to take action



This post was modified from its original form on 18 Oct, 10:10
8 months ago

Up to date. Thank you Monika!

8 months ago

Thanks dear Sara and Naomi !

8 months ago

All signed! Thanks so much, Monika!

8 months ago

done, dear monika. thank you.

8 months ago
RSPCA UK
Live exports suspended, let's keep it that way

Dear Supporter,

The fight for farmed animals shipped overseas rages on…


Many thousands of animals are shipped vast distances to the continent each year. Many will suffer broken limbs, exhaustion, dehydration and violent handling. Some will not even survive the trip. Who will help these creatures if not us?

Can’t attend the protest?

Email Agriculture Minister, David Heath at Defra and demand action

on this issue which affects millions of animals each year.


8 months ago

signed, dear monika. thank you.

8 months ago
PM Gillard - Sen Ludwig - Farmers - Exporters: STOP TORTURE OF SHEEP - Change Facebook Pic to sheep.

http://www.change.org/petitions/pm-gillard-sen-ludwig-farmers-exporters-stop-torture-of-sheep-change-facebook-pic-to-sheep

 

 

 

8 months ago

all signed, dear monika. thank you.

8 months ago

signed, monika dear. thank you.

8 months ago

 

Stop live export....

 

to now they might of made a change in a world
start date: Oct. 6
8 months ago

done, monika dear. thanks.

8 months ago

done. thanks, dear.

8 months ago

Signed

8 months ago

 

Australia's Cruel Live Export ! Stop the Horror for the Sheep ! PLEASE SIGN ! !
Animals  (tags: animals, AnimalWelfare, cruelty, suffering, protection, environment )
Cher - 4 hours ago - peta.de

If a sheep is not enough wool for profit "produced" the Australian farmers, the emaciated animal is sold. What follows is often a week-long trip to hell in Turkey, Egypt and the Middle East, where the sheep are slaughtered
8 months ago

all signed. thank you, dear monika.

8 months ago

All done

8 months ago
ACTION ALERT: Stop Live Export of Animals!
Animals  (tags: animalrights, animalwelfare, animalcruelty )
Jill- 11 hours ago - action.ciwf.org.uk
n the past two weeks, live exports from the UK have been temporarily suspended twice - first at Ramsgate and then at Ipswich but sadly the courageous decisions of these ports' owners may not signal the end of this cruel trade.
8 months ago

Australia: Stop Sending Cows to Suffer and Die Overseas ! PLEASE SIGN ! !
Animals  (tags: animals, AnimalWelfare, cruelty, suffering, protection, environment )
Cher- 7 hours ago - secure.peta.org
Every year, the Australian live-export industry forces millions of animals to endure a hellish journey overseas only to be slaughtered abroad in ways that would

8 months ago


A victory at Ipswich but the war goes on

 

A victory at Ipswich but the...

 

In the past two weeks, live exports from the UK have been temporarily suspended twice – first at...
start date: Oct. 1
8 months ago

all signed. thank you, moika dear.

8 months ago

Signed.

Thanks Monika

8 months ago
Save Animals from Live Export...

 

Tens of thousands of animals have been wasted this month in the live export trade. A recently released...
start date: Sep. 30
8 months ago

all signed. thanks, dear.

8 months ago

Thanks Monika signed except for the last one.

8 months ago

 

FB only

 

ACTION NEEDED Australian Sheep 'Buried Alive' in Pakistan PLEASE SIGN
Animals  (tags: business, consumers, money, animalwelfare, animalcruelty, cruelty, death, protection, suffering, sadness, slaughter )
Kelly- 3 hours ago - causes.com

Distressing news from the live export trade is nothing new, but today's news surpassed even our worst fears: Thousands of Australian sheep exported to Pakistan have been clubbed, stabbed and buried alive.
8 months ago

Ups! That was for the petition in the top of the list.

All caught up! Thank you Monika!

8 months ago

"Gabriela, You signed on August 15, 2012. Your signature has been delivered to: Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard." 

 

8 months ago
Petition 2: Compassion in World Farming - Take Action! URGENT: The end of UK live exports?

http://www.ciwf.org.uk/EndLiveExports

 

 

On 12th September 2012 a 4-tiered lorry, crammed with sheep for live export, rolled into Ramsgate past a group of dedicated protestors, including members of KAALE and TALE. The lorry was destined for the Continent. It has long been known that the port at Ramsgate is simply not fit for this purpose. And what happened next exposed a litany of extraordinary cruelty and utter incompetence. It also prompted a decision by Thanet District Council which could bring about the end of live exports from the UK.

The suffering caused was completely preventable. Live animal export must be stopped. It must be replaced by a trade in meat. And the good news is that on 13th September Thanet Council temporarily suspended live exports from Ramsgate. Join us in demanding that the Government backs Thanet Council and permanently ends live animal exports. Fill in your details below and click submit to email the following message to David Heath, Minister of State at Defra.


http://www.ciwf.org.uk/EndLiveExports

 

 

8 months ago

Compassion in World Farming - Take Action!

 

http://www.ciwf.org.uk/EndLiveExportsPetition

 

UK Live Export: A victory at Ipswich but the war goes on In the past two weeks, live exports from the UK have been temporarily suspended twice – first at Ramsgate and then at Ipswich. This is a huge achievement for all those who have campaigned so valiantly, including the dedicated local activists of KAALE and TALE. But sadly the courageous decisions of these ports’ owners may not signal the end of this cruel trade.

We must end live export for good, not simply chase it from port to port. And for that to happen we need to send a clear message to the people who can genuinely end this trade for good; the Government and UK farmers.

The National Farmers' Union (NFU) and the National Sheep Association (NSA) are membership organisations. DairyCo works on behalf of dairy farmers. Together, these organisations represent the vast majority of farmers involved in the live export trade.

Transporting animals long distances is inherently bad for their welfare, and in the worst cases brings about appalling suffering. In addition, British animals are often poorly treated at their journey’s end. The sheep and dairy sectors receive generous subsidies from the taxpayer. In return farmers should respond to public opposition to live exports and bring the trade to an end.

We ask the NFU, NSA and DairyCo, and the farmers they represent, to end this trade for good. If you agree, please sign our petition.

 

http://www.ciwf.org.uk/EndLiveExportsPetition

 

 

8 months ago

http://www.ciwf.nl/directdoen/mailprotest/stopdebritseveeexport.html 


UK: Stop Live Exports!!  First name, last name, email

 

 

8 months ago

all done, dear. thanks.

8 months ago

Signed

8 months ago

Signed.

Thanks Monika

8 months ago

Signed

8 months ago

done, monika. thank you, dear.

8 months ago
Australia: Stop Shipping Live Sheep!

 

Australia: Stop Shipping Live...

 

Over the past month, tens of thousands of sick sheep have suffered horrifically aboard two Australian...
start date: Sep. 22

 


8 months ago

Signed. Thank you Monika!

8 months ago

done, dear monika. thank you.

8 months ago

URGENT! Save the #ForgottenAnimals of Live Export #BanLiveExport
Animals  (tags: animals, animalwelfare, cruelty, exports, Australia )
Camilla- 40 minutes ago - animalsaustralia.org

Ethically live export needs to end. But while it continues, there can be no justification for completely abandoning certain animals to the risk of abject cruelty on the arbitrary basis that they will give birth in their destination.
8 months ago

Signed. Thank you Monika.

8 months ago
400 Cattle Suffer and Die en Route to Russia Help Prevent a Similar Tragedy
400 Cattle Suffer and Die en...

 

Two years ago, large numbers of animals—many of them pregnant dairy cattle—began leaving the...
start date: Sep. 18
8 months ago

good night, sweet monika. see you tomorrow.

8 months ago

Signed.

Thanks monika

8 months ago

Good evening dear Naomi!! (its 8pm in Europe)

 

 

 

 

 

 

8 months ago

done. thank you, monika dear.

8 months ago

Sorry can't sign Australians only.

8 months ago

Australia: Stop Shipping Live Sheep ! PLEASE SIGN ! !
Animals  (tags: animals, AnimalWelfare, environment, protection, suffering )
Cher- 1 hour ago - secure.peta.org
Over the past month, tens of thousands of sick sheep have suffered horrifically aboard two Australian live-export ships headed for the Middle

8 months ago

11

Australia Livestock Animal Trading, Live Trade Export Laws | Global Animal
Australia Livestock Animal Trading, Live Trade Export Laws | Global Animal

Animals (tags: LIVE TRADE, slaughter, sadness, suffering, law, animals, cruelty, animalcruelty, abuse, abused, AnimalWelfare, animaladvocates, animalrights, animalwelfare, crime, death, humans, investigation )

Dianne Ly
- 4 hours ago - globalanimal.org
But regardless of these new regulations, animals still must endure an extended overseas journey and many trading companies meet the bare minimum standards, which still allow inhumane practices such as fully conscious slaughter.PETITION TO SIGN.
8 months ago

all done. thank you, dear monika.

8 months ago

Signed. Thank you Monika.

Compassion in World Farming
8 months ago

The latest chapter in a long fight

Live export is a global trade inflicting suffering on millions of animals worldwide every year. We are constantly receiving reports about an animal transport disaster somewhere in the world. Compassion in World Farming believes the only real solution is to end long distance transport altogether. And in the UK we have campaigned for an end to live exports for decades. This means today could mark a historic moment.

Last year, when the trade moved from Dover to Ramsgate, and when the numbers of animals being shipped started to creep up, we asked for your help. You responded magnificently, sending thousands of messages to politicians demanding action, and pushing this issue up the public agenda.

But what happened at Ramsgate yesterday is almost beyond words. This must be the last time. Live exports from Ramsgate must be stopped for good. Nothing can make up for the suffering of yesterday, but let’s ensure that some permanent good comes from this disaster.

The cruel live export trade has no place in modern farming. It will not be tolerated.

Take Action
9 months ago

Signed. Thank you Monika.

9 months ago

End Live Animal Export for Sacrifice ! PLEASE SIGN ! !
Animals  (tags: animals, AnimalWelfare, cruelty, suffering, protection, environment, killing )
Cher- 37 minutes ago - thepetitionsite.com

Hundreds of thousands of Australian animals are exported live and slaughtered in the Middle East during a sacrifice festival, Eid-al-Adha.
9 months ago

Signed. Thank you Monika.

9 months ago
Don't Let the 'Gracia Del Mar' Tragedy Happen Again
Don't Let the 'Gracia Del Mar'...

 

Recently, a ship named the Gracia Del Mar left Brazil en route to Egypt carrying around 5,600 cattle on...
start date: Sep. 4
9 months ago

New ones all signed. Thank you Monika!

9 months ago

Signed. Thank you Monika.

9 months ago
Save 22,000 Export Sheep Stuck in Persian Gulf!

 

Save 22,000 Export Sheep Stuck...

 

22,000 sheep exported from Australia have been stuck for two weeks on a ship sitting in the Persian Gulf...
start date: Sep. 4
9 months ago

TY all signed

9 months ago

Thanks Monika, all signed.

9 months ago

all done. thank you, dear monika.

9 months ago

All signed. Thank you Monika.

9 months ago
Help 32,000 Baby Cows Stranded in Egypt!

Help 32,000 Baby Cows Stranded...

 

An estimated 32,000 baby cows have been stranded aboard ships for six weeks at an Egyptian port after...
start date: Sep. 1
Encourage the USDA to Investigate the Death of 400 Pregnant Cattle
10 months ago

Encourage the USDA to...

 

A ship transporting almost 4,000 cattle from the United States to Russia has recently come under attack...
start date: Aug. 15

10 months ago

Signed. Thanks for posting Monika!

Cruel Live Export Industry
10 months ago
| info/news/petitions

 

Help End the Cruel Live Export Industry

 


Every year, millions of Australian sheep are crammed onto multilevel, open-decked ships bound for ports...
start date: Aug. 14


This post was modified from its original form on 14 Aug, 22:41
 
Copyright © 2013 Care2.com, inc. and its licensors. All rights reserved